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A fundamental
misunderstanding of God's love for mankind has been the source of much
confusion in the religious world today. When an English-speaking
person uses the word "love" in everyday conversation, the
meaning may be as insignificant as one's personal dietary favorite or as
profound as the deep emotional connections he feels for his spouse or
children. Between these two extremes exist many degrees of
"love". This limitation of the English language has found
its way into our study of God's word. Nearly always, when one speaks
of God's love for mankind, a warm emotional attachment is portrayed.
In many ways it is not unexpected that such an attachment would be
implied. After all, how could God not have a warm emotional
attachment for mankind, seeing His willingness to send Jesus to die on the
cross while we were still sinners (Romans
5:8)? However, we must consider whether we are attributing human
feelings to God. When we read the word "love" in the scriptures,
is it conveying human emotion or something else?
The Greek language was much more specific
in its expression of "love". Rather than have a single
word that conveys so many different feelings, the Greeks used several
words that have very specific meanings. The Greek words translated
"love" in the New Testament are:
-
Phileo:
carries the idea of "tender affection." Several Greek
words are combinations of phileo with another word:
-
Philarguria:
Love of money
-
Philadelphia:
Brotherly love
-
Philadelphos:
Loving one like a brother
-
Philoteknos:
Love one's children
-
Philandros:
Loving her husband
-
Philanthropia:
Love of mankind
-
Philotheos:
Lover of God
-
Philagathos:
Loving goodness
-
Philautos:
Loving one's self
-
Philedonos:
Loving pleasure
-
Philostorgos:
Loving affection, prone to love, loving tenderly
-
Philoxenia:
love to strangers, hospitality
-
Thelo:
To take delight in, to be fond of doing
-
Agape
(noun): "Christian love, whether exercised toward the
brethren, or toward men generally, is not an impulse from the
feelings, it does not always run with the natural inclinations, nor
does it spend itself only upon those for whom some affinity is
discovered." Vine's
provides a more detailed definition of this word.
-
Agapao:
The verb form of agape.
-
Agapetos:
Beloved
So one can see the complexity of the Greek
language when the concept of "love" is being considered.
Two of the Greek words listed above, phileo and agape, are
extremely important as we consider God's love for mankind. If the
writer is expressing a warm emotional feeling God has for mankind, we
should expect to see phileo or a derivative of this word being
used. Let's consider these two words in more detail.
Phileo
This word is used 25 times in the New Testament. 22 times it is
translated "love", the remaining 3 the English word used is
"kiss." Only twice is this word used to reference the love
God has for man:
-
John
16:27: "For the Father himself loveth you, because ye
have loved me, and have believed that I came out from God."
-
Revelation
3:19: "As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be
zealous therefore, and repent."
In each of these verses, God's love is a
warm emotional feeling only for those who have obeyed His commandments!
In contrast to the way most religious people today consider God's love, it
is not a warm emotional feeling for the disobedient. So what Greek
word is used to reference God's love for the sinner?
Agape or Agapao
These words are used 258 times in the New Testament (a ratio of 10:1
compared to phileo). Let's consider a few verses everyone
quotes to portray the magnitude of God's love for man:
-
John
3:16: "For God so loved the world, that he gave his
only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish,
but have everlasting life."
-
Romans
5:8: "But God commendeth his love toward us, in that,
while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us."
-
1
John 3:16: "Hereby perceive we the love of God, because
he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for
the brethren."
-
1
John 4:8: "He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God
is love."
In each of these verses, the Greek word
translated "love" is either agape or agapao!
Please consider the significance behind the words used by the NT writers.
When they expressed God's love for disobedient man, they never used
the word that carries with it the warm emotional feelings we usually think
of as "love." Each time, the word used conveys the thought
of an unselfish act performed despite the emotional feelings one has for
another. Many people today are confused by the apparent
contradiction between God's love and His wrath. They say, "God
would never send one of His creatures to hell for eternity."
The one who makes such a statement does not understand the nature of God's
love. When we understand that the love of God led Him to send Jesus
to die for our sins because that was what we needed to have any hope of
salvation and not because of His warm feelings for us, we then can
properly understand the relationship between His love and His wrath.
Consider these verses:
-
Proverbs
6:16-19: "These six things doth the LORD hate: yea,
seven are an abomination unto him: A proud look, a lying tongue,
and hands that shed innocent blood, An heart that deviseth wicked
imaginations, feet that be swift in running to mischief, A false
witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among
brethren."
-
Psalm
5:4-6: For thou art not a God that hath pleasure in
wickedness: neither shall evil dwell with thee. The foolish
shall not stand in thy sight: thou hatest all workers of iniquity.
Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing: the LORD will abhor the
bloody and deceitful man."
In these two
passages we see another part of God's nature: There are things He
hates. Not only are there things He hates, He hates all
workers of iniquity! He loathes (abhors) the
bloodthirsty and deceitful man! These aren't things, these
are people! David tells us that God hates people who
work iniquity and those who are bloodthirsty and deceitful. Their
fate will be to dwell apart from Him, not stand in His sight, and to be
destroyed!
Failure to understand the Biblical concept of love has
led to much false teaching in the religious world today. Each time phileo
is used to reference God's feelings toward man it was limited to those who
were obedient to His commandments. Agape refers to the attitude
one has toward another. When I determine to do what is best for you
regardless of my emotional attachment to you, I have agape love for
you. Jesus tells us in Matthew
5:44 to, "Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good
to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and
persecute you;". Many people stumble over this verse because of
their misunderstanding of love as commanded in the Bible. Jesus
isn't commanding us to have a warm emotional attachment for our enemies.
He is commanding us to have the attitude toward our enemies that we will
do what is best for them no matter what! This is the love God
had for us while we were sinners. His attitude toward us was such
that He was willing to send Jesus to die on the cross despite our
sinfulness. When we understand God's love for us we understand how
God may hate those who work iniquity at the same time He loved them.
His love for them was not an emotional attachment. He gave them what
they needed to receive forgiveness of sins and the hope of eternal life in
heaven. However, if they refuse to obey His commandments and die in
their sinful state His hatred for them will be manifest as pure wrath as
they are condemned to an eternity in hell.
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